Update DamageableSystem to modern standards (#39417)

* Update DamageableSystem to modern standards

* DamageContainerId -> DamageContainerID with lint flag

* Replace strings with protoids

* Make CVar subscription declarations all consistently whitespaced

* ChangeDamage -> TryChangeDamage, cope with C# jank

* Revert event signature changes

* Restore a comment

* Re-add two queries

* Init the queries

* Use appearanceQuery in DamageChanged

* Use damageableQuery in TryChangeDamage

* Use damageableQuery in SetDamageModifierSetId

* Final cleanup, fix sandboxing

* Rectify ExplosionSystem:::ProcessEntity's call to TryChangeDamage

* Re-organize DamageableSystem

* first big fuck you breaking change.

* THATS A LOT OF DAMAGE!!!

* Fix test fails

* test fixes 2

* push it

---------

Co-authored-by: Princess Cheeseballs <66055347+Pronana@users.noreply.github.com>

Content.Shared/Fax/Systems/FaxecuteSystem.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using Content.Shared.Damage;
+using Content.Shared.Damage.Systems;
 using Content.Shared.Popups;
 using Content.Shared.Fax.Components;
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public sealed class FaxecuteSystem : EntitySystem
             return;
 
         var damageSpec = faxecute.Damage;
-        _damageable.TryChangeDamage(sendEntity, damageSpec);
+        _damageable.ChangeDamage(sendEntity.Value, damageSpec);
         _popupSystem.PopupEntity(Loc.GetString("fax-machine-popup-error", ("target", uid)), uid, PopupType.LargeCaution);
         return;