Update DamageableSystem to modern standards (#39417)

* Update DamageableSystem to modern standards

* DamageContainerId -> DamageContainerID with lint flag

* Replace strings with protoids

* Make CVar subscription declarations all consistently whitespaced

* ChangeDamage -> TryChangeDamage, cope with C# jank

* Revert event signature changes

* Restore a comment

* Re-add two queries

* Init the queries

* Use appearanceQuery in DamageChanged

* Use damageableQuery in TryChangeDamage

* Use damageableQuery in SetDamageModifierSetId

* Final cleanup, fix sandboxing

* Rectify ExplosionSystem:::ProcessEntity's call to TryChangeDamage

* Re-organize DamageableSystem

* first big fuck you breaking change.

* THATS A LOT OF DAMAGE!!!

* Fix test fails

* test fixes 2

* push it

---------

Co-authored-by: Princess Cheeseballs <66055347+Pronana@users.noreply.github.com>

Content.IntegrationTests/Tests/Vending/VendingInteractionTest.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ using System.Linq;
 using Content.IntegrationTests.Tests.Interaction;
 using Content.Server.VendingMachines;
 using Content.Shared.Damage;
+using Content.Shared.Damage.Components;
 using Content.Shared.Damage.Prototypes;
+using Content.Shared.Damage.Systems;
 using Content.Shared.FixedPoint;
 using Content.Shared.VendingMachines;
 using Robust.Shared.Prototypes;
@@ -200,7 +202,7 @@ public sealed class VendingInteractionTest : InteractionTest
         // Damage the vending machine to the point that it breaks
         var damageType = ProtoMan.Index(TestDamageType);
         var damage = new DamageSpecifier(damageType, FixedPoint2.New(100));
-        await Server.WaitPost(() => damageableSys.TryChangeDamage(SEntMan.GetEntity(Target), damage, ignoreResistances: true));
+        await Server.WaitPost(() => damageableSys.TryChangeDamage(SEntMan.GetEntity(Target).Value, damage, ignoreResistances: true));
         await RunTicks(5);
         Assert.That(damageableComp.Damage.GetTotal(), Is.GreaterThan(FixedPoint2.Zero), $"{VendingMachineProtoId} did not take damage.");
     }