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Janet Blackquill
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@@ -14,44 +14,29 @@ The more an injury threatens your patient's brain, the more important it is to t
[color=#00d3b8][bold]Once a brain dies, it is dead, and the body cannot be rescuitated.[/bold][/color]
A patient's brain requires adequate saturation (oxygenation for most species) in the bloodstream to survive.
This is usually measured as SpO2 for oxygen-breathing species, or SpN2 for nitrogen-breathing species.
[color=#00d3b8][bold]The primary goal in medical care is to ensure the brain has adequate saturation.[/bold][/color]
Symptoms of a patient with severe brain damage include, but are not limited to:
Symptoms of a patient with severe brain trauma include, but are not limited to:
- [color=cyan]Impaired communication[/color]: A patient experiencing severe brain damage can have difficulty speaking (i.e. stuttering).
- [color=cyan]Impaired communication[/color]: A patient experiencing severe brain trauma can have difficulty speaking (i.e. stuttering).
- [color=cyan]Impaired motor control[/color]: A patient experiencing pain may show sluggishness or an inability to aim precisely.
- [color=cyan]Inability to stand[/color]: A patient experiencing severe brain damage may be unable to stand.
- [color=cyan]Gasping[/color]: A patient experiencing severe brain damage may have trouble breathing, and gasp as a result.
- [color=cyan]Nonresponsiveness[/color]: A patient experiencing severe brain damage may be unable to respond to environmental stimuli.
- [color=cyan]Inability to stand[/color]: A patient experiencing severe brain trauma may be unable to stand.
- [color=cyan]Gasping[/color]: A patient experiencing severe brain trauma may have trouble breathing, and gasp as a result.
- [color=cyan]Nonresponsiveness[/color]: A patient experiencing severe brain trauma may be unable to respond to environmental stimuli.
### Diagnosis
## Saturation (SpO2/SpN2)
You can gauge your patient's brain activity with your health analyzer, listed as [color=#7af396]Brain Activity[/color].
The left-most icon on your medical HUD also indicates a rough read of brain activity, with the blue cross being replaced by a red-and-white exclamation mark if the patient's brain is at risk of fatal injury.
Saturation is the most important metric for ensuring your patient's brain continues to survive.
If your patient's [color=#7af396]Brain Activity[/color] is lowering, ensure their [color=#7af396]Blood Saturation[/color] is at safe levels.
It is a balance between the [color=#00d3b8][bold]Supply of Oxygen[/bold][/color] and [color=#00d3b8][bold]Oxygen Demand[/bold][/color].
## Bloodstream
If there is more demand than there is supply, the saturation will drop below 100%.
Blood saturation is the primary measure for how satiated a patient's brain is.
Supply comes from the lungs, the heart, and the bloodstream.
Any of these faltering will cause the overall supply to drop.
Blood saturation is affected by:
- [color=cyan]Blood volume[/color]: Blood can be restored with saline for most species, or blood bags.
- [color=cyan]Breathable air[/color]: Ensure the patient can breathe. Dexalin (plus) can be used to artificially oxygenate the bloodstream.
- [color=cyan]Blood flow[/color]: The heart is responsible for circulating blood around your patient's body. CPR can be administered if the patient's heart has stopped, followed by surgical intervention as soon as possible.
### Diagnosis
You can gauge your patient's blood vitals with your health analyzer, listed as [color=#7af396]Blood Saturation[/color], [color=#7af396]Blood Pressure[/color], and [color=#7af396]Blood Flow[/color].
If your patient's [color=#7af396]Blood Saturation[/color] is low, ensure their [color=#7af396]Blood Pressure[/color] is at safe levels, and make sure the patient has access to air.
Medicines such as Dexalin can be used to ensure the bloodstream has access to air, and to speed up the process of respiration after prolonged suffocation.
If your patient's [color=#7af396]Blood Flow[/color] is low, ensure their [color=#7af396]Heart Rate[/color] and [color=#7af396]Heart Health[/color] are at safe levels.
In the case of a stopped heart, you can give CPR to ensure the blood is moving.
If your patient's [color=#7af396]Blood Pressure[/color] is low, ensure their [color=#7af396]Heart Rate[/color] and blood volume are at safe levels.
Saline and blood bags can be used to increase the patient's blood volume.
The body always requires air to live, but physical trauma and pain can result in its need for air to drastically increase, outpacing what even a healthy cardiovascular system can provide.
## The Heart
@@ -59,35 +44,94 @@ Saline and blood bags can be used to increase the patient's blood volume.
<GuideEntityEmbed Entity="OrganHumanHeart" Caption="Human Heart" />
</Box>
The heart is responsible for blood flow.
The heart is the primary organ overseeing bloodflow in the patient's body.
[color=#00d3b8][bold]If a patient's heart has stopped, they are priority number one.[/bold][/color]
Immediately administer CPR, keep administering CPR, and attempt to restart the heart.
Blood flow increases with heartrate, and decreases with heart damage, coming to near-zero if the heart stops.
The heart is the body's first line of defense against inadequate air supply.
When the body's saturation (SpO2) drops, the heart rate increases to compensate for this.
However, an increased heartrate can only do so much before it begins to become ineffective or dangerous.
The heart will increase its heartrate in response to pain, lack of access to breathable air, and lowered blood volume.
[bold]Excesssively high heartrates can damage the heart or lead to cardiac arrest. If your patient's heartrate is high, seek to address the causes that might be increasing it before it worsens.[/bold]
The heart will stop from:
- [color=cyan]Ventricular tachycardia[/color]: Excessively high pulse can cause the patient's heart to stop, usually from pain. Administer painkillers and inaprovaline before restarting the heart.
- [color=cyan]Hypovolemia[/color]: If a patient loses too much blood, their heart will stop. Stop bleeding and restore blood levels before restarting the heart.
- [color=cyan]Accumulated damage[/color]: If a patient's heart accumulates too much damage, it will stop. Surgical intervention will be required before restarting the heart.
### Heart Rate
The heart can be restarted using a defibrillator.
The [color=#7af396]Heart Rate[/color
] is the primary indicator of how hard the patient's heart is working.
It increases in response to other vitals dropping, and can potentially stop the heart if it is too high for too long.
If the heart cannot be restarted, medical professionals and other crew alike can administer CPR to ensure blood flow.
High heartrate can also reduce the [color=#7af396]Heart Health[/color].
### Diagnosis
### Heart Health
You can gauge your patient's heart vitals with your health analyzer, listed as [color=#7af396]Heart Health[/color] and [color=#7af396]Heart Rate[/color].
The [color=#7af396]Heart Health[/color] is an indicator of how much damage the heart has taken, either from strain caused by excessive heartrates, or by direct injury.
If your patient's [color=#7af396]Heart Rate[/color] is low, ensure their blood volume is adequate, and use a defibrillator or stimulant medications as necessary.
## The Bloodstream
If your patient's [color=#7af396]Heart Rate[/color] is high, ensure that the patient's pain is under management, the patient's blood volume is sufficient, and that the patient has adequate access to oxygen.
Medicines such as Inaprovaline can be administered to stabilize the heart rate, at the risk of reducing the patient's overall [color=#7af396]Blood Saturation[/color] if other conditions are not treated.
The bloodstream is the primary vehicle that carries air from your lungs to the brain, with help from the heart.
If your patient's [color=#7af396]Heart Health[/color] is declining, ensure that their [color=#7af396]Heart Rate[/color] is not excessively high.
It is primarily measured by the [color=#7af396]Blood Pressure[/color], which is affected by three factors.
If your patient's [color=#7af396]Heart Health[/color] is dangerously low, surgery will be required to repair injuries to the heart.
### Blood Volume
Blood is responsible for carrying air, and if there's no blood, there's nothing to carry air.
Low blood volume causes low blood pressure.
Missing blood can be replaced using IV stands.
In a pinch, Saline, Iron, and Copper can help the patient's body regenerate more blood.
### Vascular Tone
A patient's brain is responsible for many things, and among those, regulating the patient's bloodstream.
If your patient is suffering from injuries to the brain, its ability to keep blood vessels tight will drop, and the blood pressure will drop.
Epinephrine can help ensure vascular tone in this scenario.
### Cardiac Output
A patient's heart is responsible for circulating blood through the body.
A stopped or damaged heart can cause [color=#7af396]Blood Pressure[/color] to drop dramatically.
If the patient's heart has stopped, CPR can be given to keep blood moving.
## Lungs
<Box>
<GuideEntityEmbed Entity="OrganHumanLungs" Caption="Human Lungs" />
</Box>
Lungs are responsible for taking in oxygen (for most species) from the air, and exhaling carbon dioxide (for most species).
If lungs cannot breathe enough, your patient's SpO2 drops, potentially causing injury to the brain.
If lungs cannot exhale enough, your patient's EtCO2 will drop, potentially causing buildup of toxic waste gases.
Dexalin and Dexalin Plus can be used to substitute for lung function for SpO2, and Inaprovaline can help the patient breathe normally, helping with EtCO2 and SpO2.
### Lung Health
Your patient's lungs can be damaged from breathing in dangerously cold or hot air.
This reduces their ability to inhale air and their ability to provide inhaled air to the body.
### Respiratory Rate
If your patient's body has more demand for air, or their supply of air begins to drop, they will breathe faster to attempt to keep supply and demand in balance.
Past a certain point, breaths can become too fast and shallow, leading to audible gasping and asphyxiation.
### Exhaled Waste Gases (EtCO2/EtNH3/EtN2O)
As a part of life, your patient's body will create waste gases from the inhaled air, primarily Carbon Dioxide (CO2) for most species.
A functional bloodstream ([color=#7af396]Blood Pressure[/color]) is important to carry waste gases to your patient's lungs, so that they can be expelled.
Inadequate [color=#7af396]Blood Pressure[/color] can reduce the EtCO2, resulting in buildup of toxic waste gases.
The [color=#7af396]Respiratory Rate[/color] also affects how much the patient is exhaling.
If your patient is breathing too fast and cannot exhale fully, toxic waste gases will build up.
## Pain
@@ -95,17 +139,10 @@ In response to injuries, your patient will experience pain.
Fresh wounds are more painful than older and untended wounds.
The effect of pain can primarily felt through the increase in a patient's heart rate, as well as shock in cases of severe pain.
Pain increases the body's demand for air, causing the cardiovascular system to work overtime.
Symptoms of a patient experiencing pain include, but are not limited to:
Possible symptoms include increased heartrate, increased breathing rate, and potentially unconsciousness if the pain is great enough to cause the patient to enter shock.
- [color=cyan]Impaired communication[/color]: A patient experiencing pain can have difficulty speaking (i.e. stuttering or volume), and may be unable to operate their headset effectively
- [color=cyan]Imapired motor control[/color]: A patient experiencing pain may show sluggishness or an inability to aim precisely.
- [color=cyan]Inability to stand[/color]: A patient experiencing pain may be unable to stand.
### Diagnosis
The patient's pain level can primarily be gauged by asking the patient how they feel, or in cases where they cannot communicate, their [color=#7af396]Heart Rate[/color] or displayed symptoms.
Note that pain is not the only thing that can cause the heart rate to increase.
Pain can be treated temporarily by giving painkillers, and treated long-term by healing the injuries that are causing pain.
</Document>